Step 1 Content | Pathology

General Pathology

- Inflammation (acute vs. chronic) - Cell injury and death (necrosis, apoptosis) - Tissue repair, regeneration, fibrosis - Neoplasia and tumor classification - Cellular adaptations (hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, metaplasia) - Genetic and molecular pathology - Environmental and toxicologic pathology

- Autoimmune diseases - Multisystem inflammatory disorders - Genetic syndromes - Paraneoplastic syndromes

Hematopoietic & Lymphoreticular

- Disorders of RBCs, WBCs, platelets, and clotting factors - Bone marrow failure and myeloproliferative disorders - Lymphoproliferative and immune system disorders

- Anemias (iron deficiency, megaloblastic, hemolytic) - Leukemias (AML, CML, ALL, CLL) - Lymphomas (Hodgkin’s, Non-Hodgkin’s) - Multiple myeloma - Hemophilia, thrombocytopenia

Central & Peripheral Nervous

- Neurodegeneration and demyelination - CNS tumors (primary vs. metastatic) - Inflammatory and infectious CNS pathology - Trauma-related brain pathology

- Stroke (ischemic, hemorrhagic) - Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s - Multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barré - Brain tumors (glioblastoma, meningioma) - Spinal cord injuries

Skin & Connective Tissue

- Dermatopathology (infections, inflammatory, autoimmune, neoplastic) - Connective tissue diseases

- Psoriasis, eczema, urticaria - Melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma - Lupus erythematosus, scleroderma - Ehlers-Danlos, Marfan syndrome

Musculoskeletal

- Bone remodeling and metabolic disorders - Muscle degeneration and inflammatory myopathies

- Osteoporosis, osteomalacia - Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis - Osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma - Muscular dystrophies, myositis

Respiratory

- Obstructive vs. restrictive lung diseases - Pulmonary infections and inflammatory conditions - Neoplastic lung pathology

- COPD (emphysema, chronic bronchitis) - Asthma, interstitial lung disease - Pneumonia, tuberculosis - Lung cancer (small cell, non-small cell) - Pulmonary embolism

Cardiovascular

- Vascular pathology (atherosclerosis, vasculitis) - Cardiac pathology (hypertrophy, myocardial infarction) - Congenital and acquired heart disease

- Myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease - Hypertension, aortic aneurysms - Heart failure (systolic vs. diastolic) - Endocarditis, myocarditis - Congenital heart defects

Gastrointestinal

- Inflammatory and infectious GI pathology - Neoplasia of the GI tract - Liver pathology (hepatitis, cirrhosis)

- GERD, peptic ulcer disease - Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s, ulcerative colitis) - Colorectal cancer - Liver cirrhosis, hepatitis (viral, alcoholic, autoimmune) - Pancreatitis

Renal/Urinary

- Glomerular and tubular pathology - Renal neoplasia - Vascular pathology of the kidney

- Acute and chronic kidney disease - Nephrotic and nephritic syndromes - Renal cell carcinoma - Polycystic kidney disease - Urinary tract infections

Reproductive

- Male and female reproductive pathology - Hormonal and structural disorders - Neoplasia of reproductive organs

- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) - Cervical, ovarian, uterine cancers - Prostate cancer, testicular tumors - Infertility-related pathologies

Endocrine

- Pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreatic disorders - Hormonal dysregulation and neoplasia

- Diabetes mellitus (Type 1 and 2) - Hyperthyroidism (Graves disease), hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s) - Cushing’s syndrome, Addison’s disease - Pheochromocytoma